中國儲能網訊：
譯者說：這么多年來，交通電氣化的發(fā)展一直進進退退，隨著大規(guī)模應用清潔新能源的應用以及電動汽車的普及，這次交通電氣化改革浪潮比以往任何一次更貼近現實。我們要從方案設計、工程應用、場景落地等多角度估算未來電氣交通化實現的可能性。
我們需要從以前充電設施部署、公共事業(yè)設計、客戶電動車運用中得到一些經驗。
We need to learn from prior experiences deploying charging infrastructure and early utility efforts to design and implement customer EV programs.
Bryan Jungers是E Source公司的電動車方向的主管。
Bryan Jungers is director of mobility at E Source.
說到交通電氣化，大多數公共設施在過去幾十年中一直處于快速修建或者等待建設的狀態(tài)。雖然電動汽車并不是新事物，市場也為其普及做過很多次嘗試，但已經有太多次錯誤的開始，以至于公用事業(yè)公司很難確定這次是真的。作為一名長期的行業(yè)觀察者，我相信這次是真的，電動汽車與充電基礎設施之間雞生蛋還是蛋生雞的關系問題已經解決：因為兩者都需要盡快發(fā)展。
When it comes to transportation electrification, most utilities have been in a hurry-up-and-wait mode for the past few decades. While EVs are not new, nor is the pressure to prepare for them, there have been so many false starts that it’s hard for utilities to be sure that this time it’s for real. As a long-time industry watcher, I believe it is for real, and the chicken-and-egg problem of electric vehicles vs. charging infrastructure is settled: both are needed ASAP.
一個新模式
A new paradigm
如果讓你從頭開始建立一個新的電網和公用事業(yè)，會怎么樣？它看起來和我們今天的情況一樣嗎？有了新的信息和后見之明，它可能會很不相同。
What if you could build a new grid and utility from the ground up? Would it look anything like what we currently have today? With new information and the benefit of hindsight, chances are it would not.
我們需要用新視角來規(guī)劃現代電網，以實現社會經濟的電氣化、脫碳化和公平化目標。我們需要為一個與現在截然不同的未來做準備，同時借鑒之前部署充電設施、公用事業(yè)、電動車普及應用的經驗。
We need to bring new vision to the work of planning for a modern grid that can support electrification, decarbonization and equity goals for the economy and society. We need to prepare for a future that looks very different from the present while learning from prior experiences deploying charging infrastructure and early utility efforts to design and implement customer EV programs.
以下是我們從過去的交通電氣化努力中獲得的一些經驗教訓：
Below are some of the lessons we’ve learned from past efforts to electrify transportation:
不要把所有雞蛋放在一個籃子里
Don’t put all your eggs in one basket
沒有任何一個解決方案提供商能夠獨自實現整個交通系統(tǒng)的電氣化。聯邦基礎設施項目是大型的、昂貴的，并且耗時數年。管理、報告和協調的要求非常廣泛。大型電動車充電設施部署項目若想要取得成功，需要由多個解決方案提供商和其他利益相關方組成的精英團隊密切合作。
No single solution provider can electrify the entire transportation system on its own. Federal infrastructure projects are large, expensive and take years to roll out. The management, reporting and coordination requirements are extensive. For large EV charging infrastructure deployment projects to be successful, they require a competent team of multiple solution providers and other stakeholders working together closely.
降低投資和項目設計中技術與供應商的關聯，對盡可能多向解決方案供應商和客戶開放，從而使你的投資和項目面向未來。
Future-proof your investments and programs by designing them to be technology- and vendor-agnostic, open to as many solution providers and customer choices as possible.
每件事都比你預期的時間更長，成本更高
Everything takes longer and costs more than you expect
在政府支持電網現代化的第一波投資中，我們大大低估了部署從智能電表到電動汽車充電樁等新技術所需的時間和精力。雖然建立 "競爭力"的項目提案，緊迫的時間表和緊張的預算很有誘惑力，但在實踐中這幾乎不是一個好主意。
During the first wave of government spending in support of grid modernization, we greatly underestimated how much time and effort is required to deploy new technologies, from smart meters to EV charging stations. While it is tempting to establish “competitive” project proposals with aggressive timelines and tight budgets, this is almost never a good idea in practice.
特別是，不要忘記仔細考慮運營和維護要求，以及前期成本。雖然總是有獎勵資金可以幫助減少資本支出，但運行和維護方面的獎勵幾乎是不存在的。在分布式、遠程和技術設備正式開始運營之后。擁有一個資產管理計劃至關重要。
In particular, don’t forget to give careful consideration to operation and maintenance requirements and costs upfront. While there are always incentive dollars available to help reduce capital expenses, incentives for O&M are almost nonexistent. After the ribbon-cutting fanfare ends, the real work of operating distributed, remote and technical equipment begins. Having an asset-management plan is critical.
讓你的供應方和需求方站在同一邊
Get your supply and demand sides on the same side
溝通、透明和共享數據對規(guī)劃過程至關重要，尤其是在協調供需雙方進行規(guī)劃時。隨著交通電氣化成為人們關注的焦點，現在是公用事業(yè)部門打破內部隔閡并倡導所需的時候了。
Communication, transparency and shared data are critical to the planning process, especially when it comes to harmonizing supply- and demand-side planning. With transportation electrification top of mind, now’s the time for utilities to break down internal silos and advocate for what’s needed.
我們已經了解到，跨領域團隊的有效合作和信息共享通常會帶來更好的結果，但我們可以做得更好：讓我們將這種協調擴大到其他公用事業(yè)公司和利益相關團體。例如，我們正在見證紐約州令人難以置信的發(fā)展，那里的公用事業(yè)公司正在分享信息，以建立一個全州的綜合能源數據資源工具。
We’ve learned that working effectively in cross-disciplinary teams and sharing information usually leads to better outcomes, but we can do even better: let’s expand this coordination across other utilities and stakeholder groups. For example, we’re witnessing incredible developments in the state of New York where utilities are sharing information to establish a statewide Integrated Energy Data Resources tool.
不要忘記向上游游去
Don’t forget to swim upstream
電動汽車制造商每天都在做出影響公用事業(yè)的決定，但許多公用事業(yè)公司并沒有與原始設備制造商（或其他公用事業(yè)公司）在既得利益方面進行合作，例如管理充電、充電基礎設施、車輛輸電網標準和電能質量要求。你可以對上游發(fā)生的事情做出反應，也可以對其施加影響力。
EV manufacturers are making decisions every day that affect utilities, but many utilities aren’t collaborating with OEMs (or other utilities) where they have a vested interest, e.g., managed charging, charging infrastructure, vehicle-to-grid standards and power quality requirements. You can react to what happens upstream, or you can influence it.
在汽車遠程信息處理以及中型和重型卡車制造這兩個領域，公用事業(yè)公司應積極向上游發(fā)展，以影響分銷商和制造商。我們已經看到，在這兩個關鍵領域的被動地位會導致產品和服務不符合公用事業(yè)項目的要求或服務電網的需要。
Two areas where utilities should be actively moving upstream to influence distributors and manufacturers are in vehicle telematics and medium- and heavy-duty vehicle manufacturing. We’ve seen that a reactive position in these two critical areas leads to products and services that do not match utility program requirements or service grid needs.
準備好了：電池要來了
Get ready: Batteries are coming
公用事業(yè)部門正在從服務固定負荷過渡到成為清潔能源經濟的燃料供應商，而電池（包括固定和移動）將從此從根本上改變電網。隨著裝機容量的增長，電池成本繼續(xù)下降。
Utilities are transitioning from serving stationary loads to becoming fuel providers for the clean energy economy, and batteries (both stationary and mobile) will forever and fundamentally change the grid. Costs continue to come down as installed capacity grows.
隨著電池儲能站的總成本下降，存儲將成為我們電網基礎設施的一個基礎部分。電池將緩沖太陽能日照不足、風力低迷和天然氣價格波動的情況。最終，它們將取代調峰電站。
As the full cost of installing a battery power plant drops, storage will be a foundational part of our grid infrastructure. Batteries will buffer solar insolation lows, wind doldrums and volatile gas pricing. And ultimately, they’ll replace peaker plants.
標準化將是每個層面的關鍵
Standardization will be key at every level
電動汽車是一個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，包含很多方面--原始設備制造商、充電設備、公用事業(yè)、政府機構、車隊、通信等等。特斯拉同意向競爭對手的電動汽車制造商開放其充電網絡，這或許是與標準化相關的挑戰(zhàn)最明顯例子。
Mobility is its own ecosystem, and there are many moving parts — OEMs, charging equipment, utilities, government agencies, fleets, communications and more. Perhaps the most visible example of a challenge related to standardization is Tesla’s agreement to open its charging networks to rival EV makers.
兼顧不同的充電設備類型是一回事；如果你必須在組件或軟件層面上采用多種方法，那就完全是另一回事。許多重要的對話已經在進行；例如，美國聯邦公路管理局和美國交通部最近為清潔通道上運行的直流快速充電器制定了新的標準。
It’s one thing to juggle different charging device types; it’s another thing entirely if you have to work around multiple approaches at a component or software level. Many important conversations are already happening; for example, The Federal Highway Administration and the U.S. Department of Transportation recently set new standards for DC fast chargers operated along clean corridors.
公用事業(yè)公司需要參與并主動引導對話，甚至根據需要發(fā)起對話。
Utilities need to engage and proactively shape the conversation, and even initiate them as needed.
通運輸電氣化的時間，而不是能否實現的問題
The when, not if, of transportation electrification
不斷變化的市場動態(tài)、新政策和激勵措施將繼續(xù)影響交通電氣化發(fā)展的許多細節(jié)，但沒有改變的是，電氣化即將到來。
Changing market dynamics, new policies, and incentives will continue to influence many of the details of how transportation electrification evolves, but what isn’t changing is that it’s a coming certainty.
與以往不同的是，我們有更多的資源可以利用--從資金的涌入到更復雜的數據建模，甚至是更多公用事業(yè)公司的加入--這將使交通電氣化規(guī)劃更加高效、有效和更有影響力。
Unlike in the past, we have many more resources to work with — from an influx of funding to more-sophisticated data modeling and even the plans of peer utilities — that will make transportation electrification planning more efficient, effective and impactful.
